{"id":4532,"date":"2020-10-28T13:20:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T12:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/?p=4532"},"modified":"2024-01-23T11:38:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T10:38:35","slug":"la-pedagogie-montessori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/la-pedagogie-montessori\/","title":{"rendered":"MONTESSORIPEDAGOGIK"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-a998f871\">Vem var Maria Montessori?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maria Montessori (1870-1952) var l\u00e4kare (en av de f\u00f6rsta kvinnliga l\u00e4karna i Italien) och pedagog och skapade en undervisningsmetod som b\u00e4r hennes namn och som formaliserades 1909 i och med utgivningen av hennes f\u00f6rsta bok. Hon var en del av den internationella r\u00f6relsen f\u00f6r ny pedagogik (aktiva undervisningsmetoder) tillsammans med Freinet, Desmolins, Ferri\u00e8re, Faure och Cousinet (Frankrike), Decroly (Belgien), Clapar\u00e8de (Schweiz), Ferrer (Spanien), Dewey och Kilpatrick (USA), Korczak (Polen) och Neill (Skottland). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-4aab6735\">Utrustning<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Montessori f\u00f6rlitade sig p\u00e5 h\u00f6gkvalitativa sensoriska l\u00e4romedel, som studerats med avseende p\u00e5 form, textur, f\u00e4rg, storlek, vikt och ergonomi, f\u00f6r att uppmuntra anv\u00e4ndningen av ett visst sinne i inl\u00e4rningen\". Ur denna synvinkel kan sensoriska material betraktas som \"abstraktion materialiserad\", utformad f\u00f6r att befria barn fr\u00e5n en konkret situation och leda dem mot abstraktion och generalisering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-564a00bd\">Principerna<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6r Maria Montessori \u00e4gnar sig barnet i f\u00f6rsta hand \u00e5t sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndiga aktiviteter, ibland tillsammans med ett eller tv\u00e5 andra barn. Syftet \u00e4r att respektera barnets lust och intressen och samtidigt utveckla ansvar och sj\u00e4lvdisciplin. Barnets frihet ges exakta ramar. Barn g\u00e5r igenom \"k\u00e4nsliga perioder\" i sin utveckling som g\u00f6r dem ben\u00e4gna att l\u00e4ra sig: \"det absorberande sinnet\". M\u00e5let \u00e4r att g\u00f6ra det mesta av dessa l\u00e4rorika stunder. En m\u00e4ngd olika aktiviteter erbjuds inom ramen f\u00f6r vissa processer (materialet m\u00e5ste presenteras f\u00f6r barnet individuellt). Som med all alternativ pedagogik \u00e4r klassen uppbyggd kring en grupp med flera \u00e5ldrar. \u00c5ldersskillnaden uppmuntrar till observationsinl\u00e4rning (Bandura) och alla utvecklas i sin egen takt. Det f\u00f6rekommer ingen bed\u00f6mning som i traditionell undervisning, \u00e4ven om barnen observeras och \"placeras\" i ett sammanhang d\u00e4r de utvecklas och l\u00e4r sig. Lyssnande, observation, smidighet och v\u00e4lvilja \u00e4r v\u00e4rdefulla attityder. Neurovetenskapen har bekr\u00e4ftat Montessoris pedagogik i flera avseenden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-bacdd29c\">Centrala begrepp<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Absorberande sprit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e4mpligt undervisningsmaterial<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utbilda och f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra genom sinnena<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vetenskap om observation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00e4nsliga perioder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-7dce3dbc\">Montessoris materialteman<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Anst\u00e4ndighet och artighet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Praktiskt liv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensoriskt liv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e5ket<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geografi och kultur<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Matematik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-82ed9294\">Montessoripedagogikens begr\u00e4nsningar<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"is-style-checkbox wp-block-list\">\n<li>Montessoripedagogiken \u00e4r inte individualistisk, men den \u00e4r inte heller kollaborativ och kooperativ som Freinet. Den fokuserar fr\u00e4mst p\u00e5 en eller tv\u00e5 elever och riktar sig, med s\u00e4llsynta undantag, till en grupp barn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Montessoripedagogiken uppmuntrar inte barns motoriska utveckling: barns psykomotoriska utveckling, s\u00e4rskilt sm\u00e5 barns, \u00e4r mycket viktig. Studier visar att motoriska f\u00e4rdigheter fr\u00e4mjar kognitiv utveckling och i synnerhet de exekutiva funktioner (uppm\u00e4rksamhet, h\u00e4mning, planering, kontroll etc.) som \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga f\u00f6r all inl\u00e4rning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Montessoris undervisningsmetoder uppmuntrar inte manuella och kreativa aktiviteter. Visst \u00e4r \"m\u00e5lning\" en Montessoriverkstad, men det \u00e4r ett isolerat inslag bland andra. Det finns inga sensomotoriska och kreativa aktiviteter som man kan hitta p\u00e5 fritidsg\u00e5rdar eller semesterl\u00e4ger, d\u00e4r barnen f\u00e5r tr\u00e4na en hel rad f\u00e4rdigheter som inte bara \u00e4r motoriska utan ocks\u00e5 psykologiska och emotionella.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Montessoripedagogiken utvecklades \u00e5r 1900. P\u00e5 den tiden var den helt nyskapande mot bakgrund av den ultrafrontala undervisning som var v\u00e4rdig industrialismens tidevarv. \u00c5ret \u00e4r 2020. Ett sekel senare har denna pedagogik inte f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats och har i sin tur blivit konservativ. Vad den erbjuder \u00e4r fortfarande intressant j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med traditionella undervisningsmetoder som, \u00e4ven om de moderniserats, inte har lyckats anpassa sig till samh\u00e4llets f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading advgb-dyn-8d4d475e\">Montessori p\u00e5 EFIM<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Montessoripedagogiken m\u00e5ste d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4ndras och hybridiseras med andra pedagogiker, s\u00e5 att vi kan f\u00e5 ut det mesta av vad den har att erbjuda samtidigt som vi f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrar den med kompletterande metoder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Montessoripedagogiken anv\u00e4nds p\u00e5 skolan<strong>efim <\/strong>i frist\u00e5ende verkst\u00e4der f\u00f6r f\u00f6rskoleklasser och st\u00f6dverksamhet f\u00f6r grundskoleklasser. Detta kompletteras med fysiska, psykomotoriska, konstn\u00e4rliga och vetenskapliga aktiviteter.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vem var Maria Montessori? Maria Montessori (1870-1952) var en l\u00e4kare (en av de f\u00f6rsta kvinnliga l\u00e4karna i Italien) och l\u00e4rare som skapade en undervisningsmetod som bar hennes namn och som formaliserades 1909 med publiceringen av hennes f\u00f6rsta bok. Hon var en del av den internationella r\u00f6relsen f\u00f6r ny pedagogik (aktiva undervisningsmetoder) tillsammans med Freinet, Desmolins, Ferri\u00e8re,...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":183636670,"featured_media":4539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[686,141],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infos","category-pedagogie"],"gutentor_comment":0,"author_meta":{"display_name":"efimarbella","author_link":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/author\/rubicortes\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-300x217.jpg","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori.jpg","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori.jpg",3528,2552,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-150x150.jpg?crop=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-300x217.jpg",300,217,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-768x556.jpg",768,556,true],"large":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1024x741.jpg",1024,741,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1536x1111.jpg",1536,1111,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-2048x1481.jpg",2048,1481,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-16x12.jpg",16,12,true],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-860x535.jpg?crop=1",860,535,true],"cmsmasters-small-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-120x120.jpg?crop=1",120,120,true],"cmsmasters-square-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-580x580.jpg?crop=1",580,580,true],"cmsmasters-blog-masonry-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-960x660.jpg?crop=1",960,660,true],"cmsmasters-project-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-580x360.jpg?crop=1",580,360,true],"cmsmasters-project-masonry-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1160x839.jpg",1160,839,true],"cmsmasters-masonry-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-860x622.jpg",860,622,true],"cmsmasters-full-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1160x722.jpg?crop=1",1160,722,true],"cmsmasters-project-full-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1160x722.jpg?crop=1",1160,722,true],"cmsmasters-full-masonry-thumb":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1160x839.jpg",1160,839,true],"newspack-article-block-landscape-large":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1200x900.jpg?crop=1",1200,900,true],"newspack-article-block-portrait-large":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-900x1200.jpg?crop=1",900,1200,true],"newspack-article-block-square-large":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-1200x1200.jpg?crop=1",1200,1200,true],"newspack-article-block-landscape-medium":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-800x600.jpg?crop=1",800,600,true],"newspack-article-block-portrait-medium":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-600x800.jpg?crop=1",600,800,true],"newspack-article-block-square-medium":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori-800x800.jpg?crop=1",800,800,true],"newspack-article-block-landscape-intermediate":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Montessori.jpg",600,434,false],"newspack-article-block-portrait-intermediate":["https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/wp-content\/uploads\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est Maria Montessori ? M\u00e9decin (une des premi\u00e8res femmes m\u00e9decin d\u2019Italie) et p\u00e9dagogue, Maria Montessori (1870-1952) cr\u00e9e une p\u00e9dagogie qui porte son nom et qui sera formalis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de 1909 avec la parution d&rsquo;un premier ouvrage. Elle s&rsquo;inscrit dans le mouvement international d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation nouvelle (p\u00e9dagogies actives) au m\u00eame titre que Freinet, Desmolins, Ferri\u00e8re,...","coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/categoria\/infos\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Infos<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/categoria\/pedagogie\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">P\u00e9dagogie<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Infos<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">P\u00e9dagogie<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Publicerad 6 \u00e5r sedan","modified":"Uppdaterad 2 \u00e5r sedan"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Publicerat den 28\/10\/2020","modified":"Uppdaterad den 23\/01\/2024"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Publicerat den 28\/10\/2020 1:20 e m","modified":"Uppdaterad den 23\/01\/2024 11:38 f m"},"featured_img_caption":"","series_order":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcooLd-1b6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/183636670"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4532"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6560,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4532\/revisions\/6560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efimarbella.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}